With summer 2024 on track to be the hottest summer on record for many cities in the U.S., it’s important to follow heat safety guidelines to prevent sunburns, heat exhaustion and heat stroke.
Bryan Mader, extension assistant professor of health for the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, said people should practice caution when temperatures reach above average highs for their specific region.
Heat-related illnesses are preventable if precautions are taken, Mader said. These illnesses, such as heat exhaustion or heat stroke, occur when the body is not able to properly cool itself.
Signs of heat -relate d illness • Heat stroke: A high body temperature greater than 103 F; hot, red or dry skin; fast pulse; dizziness, nausea, confusion and loss of consciousness.
• Heat exhaustion: Heavy sweating; cold, pale and clammy skin; fast, weak pulse; nausea or vomiting; muscle cramps, tiredness or weakness; dizziness; headache and fainting.
• Heat cramps: Heavy sweating during intense exercise; muscle pain or spasms.
• Heat rash: Red clusters of small blisters that look like pimples on the skin, usually on the neck, chest, groin, elbows or on the anterior side of arms.
Heat -relate d illness prevention tips
• Wear lightweight, loose-fitting clothes to improve airflow and aid in natural cooling.
• Stay indoors when able, and avoid using appliances that give off heat.
• Do not leave children, or anyone else, in cars unattended. Double check all the seats in your vehicle before walking away.
• Schedule outdoor activities with a plan in place. Try to limit outdoor activities during the hottest parts of the day. Rest, often, in shaded areas to limit heat exposure.
• Wear sunscreen to protect your skin, and wear hats, long sleeves and pants when able, and when it does not restrict your movements or your ability to sweat naturally.
• Drink plenty of fluids, and do not consume sugary or alcoholic beverages when you are in the heat.
• Replace salts and minerals, such as electrolytes, frequently during heat exposure. Sweating eliminates electrolytes, which can be replaced using a sports drink, or another source for replenishing minerals.
• Stay informed about changes in the weather, especially related to extreme temperatures, humidity and UV exposure.
• Use a buddy system, especially for outdoor workers or athletes, to ensure safety.
• Check on those who are at high risk, especially if they do not have air conditioning in their home or place of employment.
Mader said that while working in the heat, it is recommended to drink at least 8 ounces of water every 15-20 minutes. This translates to approximately 24-32 ounces per hour of heat exposure.
